What umbrella term encompasses the management of user identities and their access across multiple applications and domains?

• A. Federation
• B. Identity Management (IdM)
• C. Single Sign-On
• D. Credential

Answer: (B)

Identity management is the umbrella term that encompasses creating, maintaining, and deactivating user identities and controlling how those identities are authenticated and granted access across multiple applications and domains. It covers the entire lifecycle of a user, including provisioning and deprovisioning, managing roles and attributes, enforcing password and credential policies, and governing who has access to what resources. Federation is a related concept that enables trust between different organizations to allow users to access resources across domains without creating new accounts. Single Sign-On is a capability typically provided by IdM that lets a user sign in once and access many apps, but it doesn’t by itself manage identities across systems. A credential is the secret used to prove identity, not the overarching management framework.